23S ribosomal RNA
23S Ribosomal RNA[edit | edit source]
23S ribosomal RNA (23S rRNA) is a component of the 50S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome. It plays a crucial role in the process of translation, which is the synthesis of proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA) templates. The 23S rRNA is a part of the larger ribosomal RNA (rRNA) family, which also includes 16S rRNA and 5S rRNA in prokaryotes.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The 23S rRNA is a large RNA molecule, typically consisting of about 2900 nucleotides. It is a highly conserved component of the ribosome, meaning that its sequence and structure are similar across different species of bacteria. The 23S rRNA forms the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the ribosome, which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of 23S rRNA is to facilitate the catalytic activity of the ribosome. It acts as a ribozyme, an RNA molecule capable of catalyzing chemical reactions. The 23S rRNA is involved in:
- **Peptidyl transferase activity**: It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids, a critical step in protein elongation.
- **Binding of tRNA**: It helps in the proper positioning of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules in the ribosome, ensuring accurate translation of the genetic code.
- **Interaction with ribosomal proteins**: It interacts with various ribosomal proteins to maintain the structural integrity of the ribosome.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations or modifications in 23S rRNA can lead to antibiotic resistance. Many antibiotics, such as erythromycin and chloramphenicol, target the 23S rRNA to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Changes in the 23S rRNA structure can prevent these antibiotics from binding effectively, leading to resistance.
Evolutionary Importance[edit | edit source]
The 23S rRNA is often used in phylogenetic studies to determine evolutionary relationships among bacteria. Its highly conserved nature makes it an ideal molecular marker for identifying and classifying bacterial species.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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