3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a psychoactive drug with stimulant properties. It is a member of the chemical class known as synthetic cathinones, a group of drugs that are derivatives of the naturally occurring substance, cathinone. MDPV is chemically related to pyrovalerone, a drug with similar but not identical effects.

History

MDPV was first synthesized in the 1960s by the pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim. However, it did not enter the market as a medicinal product. The drug re-emerged in the early 2000s as a designer drug, sold over the internet and in "head shops" under various brand names such as "Ivory Wave" or "Vanilla Sky".

Pharmacology

MDPV acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), meaning it increases the levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain by inhibiting their reuptake into neurons. This results in increased neuronal activity, which is thought to be responsible for the drug's stimulant effects.

Effects

The effects of MDPV can vary widely depending on the dose, the user's individual physiology, and the method of administration. Common effects reported by users include increased energy, euphoria, increased sociability, sexual arousal, and intense music appreciation. However, negative side effects can include paranoia, hallucinations, and panic attacks.

Legal Status

The legal status of MDPV varies by country. In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning it has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. In the United Kingdom, it is classified as a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act.

See Also

• Bath salts (drug)
• Mephedrone
• Methylone