Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a psychoactive drug with stimulant properties which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim. MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004 when it was reportedly sold as a designer drug. Products labeled as bath salts containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing for Spice and K2 as incense.

History

MDPV was first synthesized in 1969 by the pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim. However, it did not enter the market immediately and remained relatively unknown until the early 21st century. Around 2004, it began to be sold as a designer drug, often marketed as "bath salts".

Pharmacology

MDPV acts as a stimulant and has been reported to produce effects similar to those of cocaine, amphetamine, and MDMA. It is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), and its psychoactive effects are primarily due to its ability to inhibit the reuptake of these two neurotransmitters, which leads to an increased concentration of these neurotransmitters in the brain.

Legal status

The legal status of MDPV varies by country and is often a subject of controversy. In the United States, MDPV is a Schedule I controlled substance, making it illegal to manufacture, distribute, or possess. In the United Kingdom, it is a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, making it illegal to sell, supply, or produce. Other countries have also banned MDPV, including Australia, Canada, and several European countries.

Health effects

The health effects of MDPV are not fully understood, as there have been no formal studies of its effects on humans. However, it is known to be a potent stimulant and can cause a range of adverse effects, including increased heart rate, high blood pressure, vasoconstriction, and sweating. In severe cases, it can lead to more serious health problems such as heart attacks, seizures, and even death.

See also

• Designer drug
• Stimulant
• Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor