3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine

3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), also known as MDE, is a psychoactive drug and entactogen of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It is known for its entactogenic properties similar to those of MDMA (ecstasy), but it is said to produce less intense effects. MDEA acts primarily by increasing the activity of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitters in the brain through its action as a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor.

History

MDEA first gained popularity in the psychotherapy community in the 1970s and 1980s, where it was explored for its therapeutic potential. However, like many other psychedelic drugs, it eventually found its way into the recreational drug scene. The substance was made illegal in many countries in the 1980s and 1990s as part of a broader crackdown on the use and distribution of synthetic entactogens and hallucinogens.

Chemistry

MDEA is structurally related to MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), differing only in the ethyl group attached to the nitrogen atom. It is synthesized from essential oils such as safrole or piperonal through a multi-step chemical process.

Pharmacology

The pharmacological action of MDEA involves the release of monoamines; serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Its effects on the serotonin system are thought to be responsible for most of its entactogenic effects. MDEA has a lower affinity for the serotonin transporter compared to MDMA, which may explain the reported differences in their subjective effects.

Effects

The effects of MDEA can include feelings of euphoria, increased empathy and emotional closeness, mild hallucinations, and altered sensory perception. However, it is generally considered to be less potent than MDMA, with users reporting a more gentle, relaxed experience. The effects typically last between 4 to 6 hours.

Health Risks

As with other drugs in its class, MDEA poses several health risks, particularly when taken in high doses or combined with other substances. These can include hyperthermia, dehydration, serotonin syndrome, and potential neurotoxicity. Long-term use may lead to cognitive deficits, though the extent of these effects is still under investigation.

Legal Status

MDEA is a controlled substance in many countries under various drug laws. In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.

See Also

• MDMA
• Psychedelic therapy
• Drug policy of the Netherlands