MDA

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MDA, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a psychoactive drug and substituted amphetamine that is structurally related to MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine. It is classified as a Schedule I substance in the United States, indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.

History

MDA was first synthesized in 1910 by C. Mannich and W. Jacobsohn. It was originally used in psychotherapy and as an aid in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and depression. However, its recreational use increased in the 1960s, and it became known for its psychedelic and empathogenic effects.

Pharmacology

MDA acts primarily as a serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent. This causes it to promote the release of these neurotransmitters, leading to increased neurotransmission in the brain and the characteristic effects of heightened emotional and sensory experiences.

Effects

The effects of MDA can include euphoria, heightened senses, increased energy, empathy, and emotional warmth. However, it can also lead to negative effects such as anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations. Physiological effects include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hyperthermia.

Toxicity and Harm Potential

MDA is known to be neurotoxic to serotonin neurons in the brain. It can also cause acute adverse effects such as dehydration, hyperthermia, and serotonin syndrome. Chronic use may lead to long-term health issues including neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits.

Legal Status

MDA is controlled under various laws around the world, typically classified alongside other strong psychoactive substances. In the United States, it is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act.

See Also

• MDMA
• Amphetamine
• Psychedelic drug
• Empathogen-entactogen

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