3-Iodotyrosine

3-Iodotyrosine is a halogenated derivative of the amino acid tyrosine. It is produced in the thyroid gland as an intermediate step in the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Production

3-Iodotyrosine is produced in the thyroid gland by the iodination of tyrosine residues on the thyroglobulin protein. This process is catalyzed by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase in a reaction that also involves hydrogen peroxide.

Role in thyroid hormone synthesis

Following iodination, the iodinated tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin are coupled together to form the thyroid hormones. Two molecules of 3-iodotyrosine can combine to form T4, while one molecule of 3-iodotyrosine and one molecule of diiodotyrosine can combine to form T3.

Clinical significance

Defects in the iodination of tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin or in the coupling of iodinated tyrosine residues can lead to congenital hypothyroidism. In addition, the presence of 3-iodotyrosine in the urine can be used as a marker for the overproduction of thyroid hormones, as seen in hyperthyroidism.

See also

• Thyroid hormone synthesis
• Thyroid peroxidase
• Thyroglobulin
• Iodotyrosine deiodinase

3-Iodotyrosine Resources
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