4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol

4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) is an organic compound with the formula C₈H₁₆O. It is a type of cyclohexanol, with a methyl group substituting one of the hydrogen atoms on the cyclohexane ring. This compound is primarily known for its use in the coal industry as a chemical used in the froth flotation process for cleaning coal.

Properties

4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol is a colorless liquid with a slight, mint-like odor. It is relatively insoluble in water but mixes well with most organic solvents. The compound has a boiling point of approximately 198°C and a melting point of -4°C. Its molecular weight is 128.22 g/mol.

Production and Synthesis

The production of 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol involves the hydrogenation of methylenecyclohexane or the hydration of methylcyclohexene. The process typically requires the presence of a catalyst, such as a strong acid or base, and is carried out under controlled temperature and pressure conditions.

Applications

The primary application of 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol is in the coal industry, where it is used as a frothing agent in the froth flotation process. This process is essential for cleaning coal by removing impurities and mineral matter. MCHM enhances the efficiency of the flotation process, allowing for the recovery of coal particles while reducing the amount of waste material.

Health and Safety

Exposure to 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. The compound is considered to be of moderate toxicity. Acute exposure may lead to irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure has not been thoroughly studied, but it is advisable to handle MCHM with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

In 2014, a significant spill of MCHM occurred in West Virginia, USA, contaminating the local water supply and raising concerns about the compound's environmental and health impacts. This incident highlighted the need for stringent safety measures and regulations in the handling and storage of chemical substances like 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol is a subject of concern, particularly in the event of spills or leaks. The compound can contaminate water sources, posing risks to aquatic life and potentially entering the human water supply. Efforts to understand the environmental behavior of MCHM, including its biodegradation and toxicity to aquatic organisms, are ongoing.

Regulation

In response to incidents and the potential risks associated with 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol, regulatory agencies in some countries have developed guidelines and regulations for its use, handling, and disposal. These regulations aim to minimize the environmental and health impacts of MCHM and ensure the safety of workers and communities.