4-methylamphetamine

4-Methylamphetamine.svg

4-Methylamphetamine (also known as 4-MA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class. It is structurally similar to amphetamine and methamphetamine, with the addition of a methyl group at the para position of the phenyl ring.

Chemical Properties

4-Methylamphetamine is a synthetic compound with the chemical formula C₁₀H₁₅N. It is a chiral molecule, meaning it has two enantiomers that are mirror images of each other. The compound is typically found as a racemic mixture of these enantiomers.

Pharmacology

4-Methylamphetamine acts as a monoamine releasing agent, primarily affecting the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. This action leads to increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, resulting in stimulant effects such as increased alertness, energy, and euphoria.

Effects and Risks

The effects of 4-methylamphetamine are similar to those of other amphetamines, including increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and enhanced mood. However, the use of 4-MA has been associated with significant health risks, including neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. There have been reports of severe adverse effects and fatalities associated with its use, often due to its presence in illicit drug mixtures.

Legal Status

4-Methylamphetamine is classified as a controlled substance in many countries due to its potential for abuse and harm. It is often listed alongside other amphetamines in drug scheduling laws.

History and Use

4-Methylamphetamine was first synthesized in the early 20th century, but it has not been widely used in medicine. Its primary use has been in recreational drug contexts, often as an adulterant in other stimulant drugs.

Also see

• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
• Stimulant
• Neurotoxicity
• Illicit drug