Monoamine releasing agent

Monoamine releasing agent (MRA), also known as a monoamine releaser, is a type of drug that induces the release of a monoamine neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter.

Mechanism of action

MRAs function by increasing the amount of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. They do this by binding to and activating the transporter proteins that are responsible for removing these neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. This action causes a reversal of the transporter's direction of flow, resulting in an efflux of the neurotransmitter from the neuron into the extracellular space.

Types of MRAs

There are several types of MRAs, which are classified based on the neurotransmitter they affect. These include:

• Dopamine releasing agents (DRAs): These increase the level of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reward, motivation, and motor control.
• Norepinephrine releasing agents (NRAs): These increase the level of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter involved in alertness and the body's "fight or flight" response.
• Serotonin releasing agents (SRAs): These increase the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness.

Uses

MRAs are used in a variety of medical and non-medical contexts. They are used therapeutically to treat a range of conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. Some MRAs are also used recreationally for their euphoric and stimulant effects.

Risks and side effects

Like all drugs, MRAs carry risks and can cause side effects. These can include insomnia, anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis. Long-term use can lead to drug dependence and withdrawal syndrome.

See also

• Monoamine reuptake inhibitor
• Monoamine neurotransmitter
• Neurotransmitter