Synaptic cleft

Synaptic cleft

The synaptic cleft is a gap in the nervous system where nerve impulses are transmitted between two neurons. It is a crucial component of the synapse, the junction between two neurons.

Structure

The synaptic cleft is approximately 20 nanometers wide. It is filled with a matrix of extracellular fluid which contains various ions, signaling molecules, and neurotransmitters. The cleft separates the presynaptic neuron from the postsynaptic neuron, allowing for the transmission of nerve impulses.

Function

The primary function of the synaptic cleft is to facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a new action potential.

Clinical significance

Disruptions in the function of the synaptic cleft can lead to a variety of neurological disorders. For example, Alzheimer's disease is associated with a decrease in the number of synapses and an increase in the width of the synaptic cleft. Other conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, are also linked to abnormalities in synaptic function.

See also

• Neuron
• Neurotransmitter
• Synapse

References

Synaptic cleft Resources
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