Khat
Khat (Catha edulis) is an evergreen shrub native to East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, specifically countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, and North Yemen. It also grows in Madagascar. The plant typically grows in arid conditions and can reach heights of up to 25 feet. Its leaves, when fresh, are glossy and dark green in color, but they become yellow-green and leathery as they age[1].
Cultural Significance and Use[edit | edit source]
Chewing khat leaves is a centuries-old tradition, particularly among men, in regions where the plant is endemic. It is often a social activity, taking place in special rooms or open-air venues. The practice is usually associated with increased alertness, euphoria, and a heightened sense of awareness. Immigrants from these regions have introduced khat use to other parts of the world, including Europe and Australia[2].
Active Ingredients and Effects[edit | edit source]
The active ingredients in khat are phenylalkylamine alkaloids, namely cathinone, cathine, and norpseudoephedrine. These compounds have sympathomimetic effects, similar to those of amphetamines. They stimulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters, leading to the stimulatory effects associated with khat chewing[3].
Health Risks and Side Effects[edit | edit source]
While khat is often used for its stimulating effects, it also comes with a range of potential health risks and side effects. Acute effects include excitation, confusion, decreased appetite, hyperactivity, hypertonia, and hyperthermia. Prolonged use can lead to more severe health issues, including disruption of personal and family relationships, depression, psychiatric problems, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke[4].
Legal Status[edit | edit source]
The legal status of khat varies globally. In the United States, for example, khat is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, making its use illegal. In contrast, khat is legal and readily available in certain countries in Africa and the Middle East. Some European countries, including the United Kingdom, also permit the use of khat[5].
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
