Yemen

Yemen (orthographic projection)

Gulf of Aden map

Jemen1988-022 hg

Dhamar Ali Yahbur II

British Museum Yemen 05

Great Mosque of Sana'a1

Yemen, officially known as the Republic of Yemen, is a country located at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel to the south, and Oman to the east. Yemen's territory includes more than 200 islands, the largest of which is Socotra. Yemen is a member of the Arab League, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Its capital and largest city is Sana'a, with the city of Aden serving as a major port and economic center.

History

Yemen has a rich history that dates back to the Queen of Sheba and ancient South Arabian kingdoms. It was known for the Frankincense trade and was a center of wealth and power in the ancient world. In the medieval period, Yemen was an important center of Islamic scholarship and trade. The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire exerted control over parts of Yemen during different periods, leading to a complex history of colonialism and resistance.

In 1962, the North Yemen Civil War began, eventually leading to the establishment of the Yemen Arab Republic in the north. Meanwhile, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen was established in the south in 1967, following a struggle against British rule. The two Yemens were unified on May 22, 1990, as the Republic of Yemen, but tensions between the former north and south have persisted.

Geography

Yemen is characterized by its diverse geography, which includes mountain ranges, desert areas, and a lengthy coastline. The Sarawat Mountains are among the most prominent features, running parallel to the Red Sea coast. Yemen's climate varies from region to region; it is generally arid, with occasional rain in some areas leading to seasonal greenery.

Economy

Yemen's economy is largely dependent on its limited natural resources, with petroleum production being a significant component. However, the ongoing conflict has severely damaged its economy, leading to widespread poverty and humanitarian issues. Agriculture also plays a critical role, with khat, coffee, and various fruits being significant products.

Demographics

Yemen is one of the most populous countries on the Arabian Peninsula, with a diverse population that includes various ethnic groups and languages. Arabic is the official language. The majority of Yemenis are Muslim, divided between Sunni and Shia branches, with the latter primarily represented by the Zaidiyyah sect.

Culture

Yemeni culture is rich and varied, reflecting its long history and diverse geography. It is known for its traditional music, dance, and cuisine. Yemeni architecture, with its distinctive mud-brick towers and houses, is a notable aspect of its cultural heritage.

Current Situation

Since 2015, Yemen has been embroiled in a devastating civil war, with the Houthi movement fighting against the Yemeni government and a coalition led by Saudi Arabia. The conflict has resulted in a significant humanitarian crisis, including widespread famine, disease, and displacement of people.