Madagascar

Malagasy girls Madagascar Merina

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Matatana

Andrianampoinimerina HQ

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Republic of Madagascar
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana
Anthem: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!
Location of Madagascar
Capital and largest city	Antananarivo
Official languages	Malagasy, French
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President	Andry Rajoelina
• Prime Minister	Christian Ntsay
Area
• Total	587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) (46th)
Population
• 2023 estimate	28,172,462
• Density	48/km2 (124.3/sq mi) (170th)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$49.1 billion
• Per capita	$1,740
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$14.3 billion
• Per capita	$507
Currency	Malagasy ariary (MGA)
Time zone	UTC+3 (EAT)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+261
ISO 3166 code	[[ISO 3166-2:MG |MG ]]
Internet TLD	.mg

Madagascar (

Template:Lang-mg), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Template:Lang-mg), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately 400 kilometers (250 miles) off the coast of East Africa. It is the world's second-largest island country, after Indonesia. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world) and numerous smaller peripheral islands.

History

The history of Madagascar is marked by the arrival of Austronesian peoples between 200 and 500 AD, followed by Bantu peoples crossing the Mozambique Channel around 1000 AD. The island's unique culture and biodiversity developed in relative isolation. In the late 19th century, Madagascar became a French colony, gaining independence in 1960.

Geography

Madagascar is known for its unique biodiversity, with over 90% of its wildlife found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and landscapes include rainforests, dry deciduous forests, plateaus, and deserts. The Avenue of the Baobabs and the Tsingy de Bemaraha are notable natural landmarks.

Politics

Madagascar is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The National Assembly and the Senate form the bicameral legislature.

Economy

The economy of Madagascar is primarily based on agriculture, mining, and tourism. Key agricultural products include vanilla, coffee, and cloves. The country is also known for its precious and semi-precious stones, including sapphires and rubies.

Demographics

Madagascar has a population of over 28 million people, with the majority being of Malagasy ethnicity. The official languages are Malagasy and French. The predominant religion is Christianity, with significant Islamic and indigenous religious communities.

Culture

Madagascar's culture is a blend of Austronesian and Bantu influences, with additional inputs from Arab, Indian, and European settlers. The island is known for its traditional music, dance, and art. The Hira Gasy and the Kabary are notable cultural expressions.

See also

• Geography of Madagascar
• History of Madagascar
• Economy of Madagascar
• Politics of Madagascar
• Culture of Madagascar