5-HT4
5-HT4 receptor is a type of 5-HT receptor that binds serotonin. It is known to be involved in the regulation of various functions in the body, including the release of neurotransmitters and the contraction of smooth muscles. The 5-HT4 receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and it is found in various parts of the body, including the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The 5-HT4 receptor is a protein that spans the cell membrane. It consists of seven transmembrane domains, which are connected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. The N-terminus of the receptor is located on the outside of the cell, while the C-terminus is on the inside.
Function[edit | edit source]
The 5-HT4 receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. When serotonin binds to the receptor, it causes a conformational change that activates the associated G protein. This in turn triggers a series of intracellular events, leading to the release of other neurotransmitters or the contraction of smooth muscles.
In the brain, 5-HT4 receptors are involved in the regulation of cognition, mood, and appetite. In the heart, they help to regulate heart rate and force of contraction. In the gastrointestinal tract, they stimulate the release of acetylcholine, which promotes muscle contraction and helps to regulate bowel movements.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Because of their wide distribution and diverse functions, 5-HT4 receptors are potential targets for a variety of drugs. For example, drugs that stimulate 5-HT4 receptors are used to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and depression. On the other hand, drugs that block 5-HT4 receptors may be useful in the treatment of conditions such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.
See also[edit | edit source]
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