ABHD3

ABHD3 (α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 3) is an enzyme that belongs to the α/β hydrolase superfamily. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including lipid metabolism and cellular signaling. This article will provide an overview of ABHD3, its functions, and its significance in different contexts.

Overview

ABHD3 is a protein-coding gene located on human chromosome 18. It is widely expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and adipose tissue. The protein encoded by ABHD3 consists of 356 amino acids and contains a conserved α/β hydrolase domain.

Functions

ABHD3 is primarily involved in lipid metabolism, particularly in the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols (MAGs). It acts as a monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and catalyzes the conversion of MAGs into glycerol and fatty acids. This enzymatic activity is crucial for the breakdown of dietary fats and the release of fatty acids for energy production.

Furthermore, ABHD3 has been implicated in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to regulate the endocannabinoid system by modulating the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. ABHD3 hydrolyzes 2-AG, thereby controlling its availability and signaling activity.

Significance

The role of ABHD3 in lipid metabolism and cellular signaling has significant implications in various physiological and pathological processes. Its involvement in lipid metabolism suggests that ABHD3 may contribute to the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis. Studies have shown that ABHD3-deficient mice exhibit altered lipid metabolism and increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity.

Moreover, ABHD3's role in the endocannabinoid system highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for various conditions. Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in several disorders, including obesity, inflammation, and neurological disorders. Modulating ABHD3 activity could potentially offer therapeutic benefits by regulating endocannabinoid signaling.

See Also

• Lipid metabolism
• Endocannabinoid system
• Obesity
• Enzyme
• Gene expression