ADP/ATP translocase 4

ADP/ATP translocase 4 (also known as ANT4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A31 gene. It is a member of the adenine nucleotide translocator family of proteins, which play a crucial role in the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production process.

Function

ANT4 is an adenine nucleotide translocator that is primarily expressed in testis and spermatozoa. It plays a vital role in the transport of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into the mitochondria and the export of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the mitochondria to the cytosol. This exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane is essential for cellular energy production.

Structure

The ANT4 protein is composed of 298 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 33 kDa. It contains six transmembrane domains and a signature motif, which is characteristic of the adenine nucleotide translocator family. The protein structure allows it to form a channel in the mitochondrial inner membrane, facilitating the transport of ADP and ATP.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the SLC25A31 gene that encodes ANT4 have been associated with various medical conditions. For instance, they have been linked to male infertility due to a decrease in sperm motility. Additionally, ANT4 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, as it may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, a key feature of this neurodegenerative disorder.

See Also

• Adenine nucleotide translocator
• Mitochondria
• Adenosine triphosphate
• Adenosine diphosphate
• Parkinson's disease
• Male infertility