Abzyme

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Abzyme is a word that combines antibody and enzyme, also called catmab.

How does abzymes work?[edit | edit source]

Abzyme or catalytic antibodies are a type of monoclonal antibody that causes catalysis or breakdown. By raising an antibody to bind to a stable transition-state analog, a new and unique type of enzyme is produced that combines the properties of antibodies and catalytic enzymes.

Abzyme Resources
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Antiviral drugs: antiretroviral drugs used against HIV (primarily J05)

Entry/fusion inhibitors
(Discovery and development)

gp41 (Enfuvirtide (ENF, T-20))
CCR5 (Maraviroc (MVC)
Vicriviroc^†, Cenicriviroc^†, PRO 140^†)
CD4 (Ibalizumab, UB421^§)
gp120 (Fostemsavir)

Reverse-transcriptase
inhibitors (RTIs)

Nucleoside and
nucleotide (NRTI)

Nucleoside analogues/NRTIs: Abacavir (ABC)°^#
Didanosine (ddI)
Emtricitabine (FTC)°
Lamivudine (3TC)°^#
Stavudine (d4T)^#
Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)^#
Amdoxovir^†
Apricitabine^†
Censavudine^†
Elvucitabine^†
Islatravir (EFdA)^§
Racivir^†
Stampidine^†
Zalcitabine (ddC)^◊

Non-nucleoside (NNRTI)
(Discovery and development)

1^st generation	Efavirenz (EFV)°^# Nevirapine (NVP)^# Delavirdine (DLV)^◊
2^nd generation	diarylpyrimidines Etravirine (ETR) Rilpivirine (RPV)° Doravirine°

Integrase inhibitors
(Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI))

Maturation inhibitors

Bevirimat^†
BMS-955176^§

Protease Inhibitors (PI)
(Discovery and development)

1^st generation	Amprenavir (APV)^◊ Fosamprenavir (FPV) Indinavir (IDV)^◊ Lopinavir (LPV) Nelfinavir (NFV) Ritonavir (RTV)^# Saquinavir (SQV)^#
2^nd generation	Atazanavir (ATV)°^# Darunavir (DRV)°^# Tipranavir (TPV) TMC-310911^§

Combined formulations

Pharmacokinetic boosters

Experimental agents

Uncoating inhibitors	TRIM5alpha (gene)
Transcription inhibitors	Tat antagonists
Translation inhibitors	Trichosanthin
BNAbs	Elipovimab
Other	Abzyme BIT225^† Calanolide A Ceragenin Cyanovirin-N Diarylpyrimidines Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Foscarnet Fosdevirine^† Griffithsin Hydroxycarbamide KP-1461^† Miltefosine Portmanteau inhibitors Scytovirin Seliciclib^† Synergistic enhancers Tre recombinase Zinc finger protein transcription factor
Failed agents	Aplaviroc Atevirdine Brecanavir Capravirine Dexelvucitabine Droxinavir Lasinavir Emivirine Lersivirine Lodenosine Loviride Mozenavir Palinavir Telinavir

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

°DHHS recommended initial regimen options. ^◊Formerly or rarely used agent.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD