Acetyl
Overview of acetyl group in organic chemistry
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| IUPAC Name: | Acetyl |
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| Chemical formula | CHNO |
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The acetyl group is a functional group in organic chemistry with the formula −C(=O)CH₃. It is a key component in many biochemical processes and is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. The acetyl group is derived from acetic acid and is often represented as Ac in chemical structures.
Structure and Properties[edit | edit source]
The acetyl group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a methyl group (CH₃). This structure imparts certain chemical properties, such as the ability to act as an electrophile in chemical reactions. The carbonyl carbon is partially positive, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
Biological Significance[edit | edit source]
In biological systems, the acetyl group plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways. It is involved in the citric acid cycle, where acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite. Acetyl-CoA is formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and is used to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Acetylation[edit | edit source]
Acetylation is a common biochemical modification where an acetyl group is transferred to a molecule. This process is catalyzed by enzymes known as acetyltransferases. Acetylation of proteins, such as histones, can affect gene expression by altering chromatin structure. This is a key mechanism in the regulation of gene expression and is involved in processes such as cell differentiation and cancer development.
Industrial Applications[edit | edit source]
In industry, acetyl groups are used in the synthesis of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Acetylation reactions are employed to modify the properties of compounds, such as increasing their solubility or stability. Acetylated compounds include acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and acetaminophen.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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