Acid-citrate-dextrose

Acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) is a solution used in the medical field, particularly in the collection and storage of blood specimens. It is an anticoagulant that works by chelating the calcium in blood to prevent clotting.

Composition

ACD is composed of three main components: citric acid, sodium citrate, and dextrose. Citric acid acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium ions in blood, while sodium citrate stabilizes the pH of the solution. Dextrose provides energy for the red blood cells and helps to maintain cell viability during storage.

Uses

ACD is commonly used in blood banks and laboratories for the collection and preservation of blood. It is also used in apheresis procedures, where blood is collected, separated into its components, and then returned to the patient. In addition, ACD is used in some types of cell therapy, where it helps to maintain the viability of the cells during processing and storage.

Preparation

The preparation of ACD involves the careful mixing of the three components in the correct proportions. The solution is typically prepared in a sterile environment to prevent contamination. The final solution is then tested to ensure that it meets the required specifications for pH, osmolality, and anticoagulant activity.

Safety

While ACD is generally safe for use in blood collection and storage, it can cause side effects in some individuals. These can include reactions at the site of injection, such as redness, swelling, and pain. In rare cases, systemic reactions can occur, including allergic reactions and changes in blood chemistry.

See also

• Blood collection
• Anticoagulant
• Apheresis
• Cell therapy