Acroosteolysis

A condition involving bone resorption in the fingers and toes

Overview

Acroosteolysis is a medical condition characterized by the resorption of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes. This condition can lead to the shortening of the digits and is often associated with various underlying disorders. Acroosteolysis can be identified through radiographic imaging, which reveals the loss of bone in the affected areas.

Causes

Acroosteolysis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetic disorders such as Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and Progeria.
• Occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• Scleroderma, a connective tissue disease that can lead to skin thickening and bone resorption.
• Psoriatic arthritis, which can cause joint inflammation and bone changes.
• Hyperparathyroidism, where excessive parathyroid hormone leads to bone resorption.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of acroosteolysis is the shortening of the fingers and toes due to bone loss. Other symptoms may include:

• Pain in the affected digits.
• Swelling and tenderness.
• Deformity of the fingers and toes.
• Limited range of motion.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acroosteolysis is primarily based on X-ray findings, which show the characteristic bone resorption at the distal phalanges. Additional diagnostic tests may include:

• Blood tests to identify underlying metabolic or autoimmune conditions.
• Genetic testing for hereditary syndromes.
• Bone density scans to assess overall bone health.

Treatment

Treatment of acroosteolysis focuses on managing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms. Options may include:

• Medications to treat underlying conditions such as autoimmune diseases or hormonal imbalances.
• Physical therapy to maintain mobility and function of the affected digits.
• Surgical intervention in severe cases to correct deformities or stabilize joints.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with acroosteolysis varies depending on the underlying cause. Early diagnosis and treatment of the primary condition can improve outcomes and prevent further bone loss.

Related pages

• Bone resorption
• Scleroderma
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Hyperparathyroidism

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