Acrylic acid

Acrylic acid (systematically named propenoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid odor. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than a million tons are produced annually.

Production

Acrylic acid is produced by oxidation of propylene, a byproduct of ethylene and gasoline production. It can also be produced by the catalytic partial oxidation of acrolein. Propylene is treated with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to produce acrylic acid. The process is characterized by the selectivity of the oxidation process, in which propylene is partially oxidized to acrylic acid without total combustion to carbon dioxide and water.

Uses

Acrylic acid is a key raw material in the production of superabsorbent polymers, which are used in disposable baby diapers, adult incontinence products, and feminine hygiene products. It is also used in the textile industry for the treatment of fibers and in the paper industry for the production of paper coatings. Other applications include adhesives, sealants, and paints.

Safety

Acrylic acid is corrosive to the skin and eyes and can cause burns. Inhalation of vapors can cause respiratory irritation. Chronic exposure can lead to lung damage and skin sensitization.

See also

• Methacrylic acid
• Acrylate polymer
• Acrylamide
• Acrolein