Acute decompensated heart failure
Acute decompensated heart failure
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing (dyspnea), leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. It is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
ADHF is characterized by the rapid accumulation of fluid in the lungs due to the heart's inability to pump efficiently, leading to pulmonary edema. This condition can result from a variety of factors, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, or non-compliance with heart failure medications.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with ADHF often present with acute shortness of breath, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Physical examination may reveal elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP), pulmonary rales, and peripheral edema, such as pedal edema.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of ADHF is primarily clinical, supported by imaging and laboratory tests. A chest X-ray may show pulmonary congestion or edema, while an echocardiogram can assess cardiac function. Elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP can also support the diagnosis.
Management[edit | edit source]
The management of ADHF involves stabilizing the patient, relieving symptoms, and addressing the underlying cause. Initial treatment often includes oxygen therapy, diuretics to reduce fluid overload, and vasodilators to decrease cardiac workload. In severe cases, inotropic agents or mechanical support may be necessary.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis of ADHF varies depending on the underlying cause and the patient's response to treatment. Early intervention and adherence to treatment regimens can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrent episodes.
Related pages[edit | edit source]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
Pulmonary edema as seen on chest X-ray
Elevated jugular venous pressure
Pedal edema
Pulmonary edema in acute decompensated heart failure
Elevated jugular venous pressure
Pedal edema in acute decompensated heart failure
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