Pedal edema

Pedal Edema is a medical condition characterized by the swelling of the feet and lower legs due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. This condition is often a symptom of underlying health issues such as heart disease, kidney disease, or liver disease.

Causes

Pedal edema can be caused by a variety of factors. The most common cause is congestive heart failure, where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lower extremities. Other causes include kidney disease, which can lead to fluid retention, and liver disease, which can cause a decrease in the production of proteins that help keep fluid in the bloodstream.

Certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and thiazolidinediones, can also cause pedal edema. In addition, conditions such as pregnancy, obesity, and venous insufficiency can lead to fluid accumulation in the lower extremities.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of pedal edema is swelling in the feet and lower legs. This swelling can cause discomfort, difficulty walking, and changes in the skin's appearance. Other symptoms can include weight gain, pitting edema (where a finger pressed on the swollen skin leaves an indent), and skin that appears shiny or stretched.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pedal edema typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Doctors may also order tests such as blood tests, urine tests, and imaging tests to determine the underlying cause of the edema.

Treatment

Treatment for pedal edema focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This can involve medications to treat heart or kidney disease, lifestyle changes such as dietary modifications and exercise, and in some cases, surgery. Compression stockings and elevation of the legs can also help to reduce swelling.

See Also

• Heart disease
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Venous insufficiency