Lipedema

Lipedema is a chronic disorder characterized by bilaterally symmetrical enlargement of the legs due to subcutaneous fat deposits. Over time, the condition typically worsens, and those affected may experience pain and bruise easily. In severe cases, the trunk and upper body may also be involved.

Introduction

Lipedema is a complex and often misdiagnosed condition that primarily affects women, with onset typically occurring during significant hormonal shifts such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. Despite its high prevalence—estimated to affect up to 11% of women—understanding of the condition remains limited, and diagnosis is frequently delayed or missed.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of lipedema is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and hormonal factors. The condition frequently runs in families, suggesting a hereditary component. Risk factors include being overweight or obese, though lipedema can affect individuals of all body sizes.

Differential Diagnosis

Several other conditions can present similarly to lipedema, making accurate diagnosis challenging. These include obesity, lipohypertrophy, chronic venous insufficiency, and lymphedema. However, distinct characteristics—such as the unusual fatty deposits, pain, and easy bruising—can help distinguish lipedema from these conditions.

Treatment

While there is currently no cure for lipedema, a number of treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Physiotherapy can help preserve mobility, and gentle, low-impact exercise can support overall fitness. However, exercise will not prevent disease progression.

While surgical interventions like liposuction can remove fat tissue, they carry the risk of damaging lymphatic vessels and should be considered carefully. Even with treatment, complete resolution of the symptoms is not typical, and management is often focused on slowing progression and relieving discomfort.

See Also

• Lymphedema
• Obesity
• Chronic venous insufficiency

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