Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious eye infection characterized by the sudden onset of conjunctivitis with subconjunctival hemorrhage. It is caused by several viruses, most commonly the enterovirus and adenovirus.

Signs and Symptoms

AHC presents with a rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 24 hours of exposure. The primary symptoms include:

• Redness of the eye due to subconjunctival hemorrhage
• Swelling of the conjunctiva
• Excessive tearing
• Eye pain
• Foreign body sensation
• Photophobia
• Blurred vision

Causes

The most common viral agents responsible for AHC are:

• Enterovirus 70
• Coxsackievirus A24
• Adenovirus

These viruses are highly contagious and can spread rapidly in crowded environments.

Transmission

AHC is primarily spread through:

• Direct contact with infected secretions
• Contaminated surfaces
• Respiratory droplets

The infection is highly contagious, and outbreaks are common in schools, workplaces, and other crowded settings.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of AHC is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms and history of exposure. Laboratory tests, such as viral cultures or PCR, can be used to identify the specific viral agent but are not routinely performed.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for AHC. Management focuses on symptomatic relief, including:

• Cold compresses
• Artificial tears
• Analgesics for pain relief

Patients are advised to maintain good hygiene to prevent the spread of the infection.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Frequent hand washing
• Avoiding touching the eyes
• Disinfecting surfaces
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals

Prognosis

AHC is usually self-limiting, with symptoms resolving within 1 to 2 weeks. Complications are rare but can include secondary bacterial infections or keratitis.

Related Pages

• Conjunctivitis
• Enterovirus
• Adenovirus
• Subconjunctival hemorrhage

• Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis