Tearing

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Tearing is the process of producing and shedding tears from the lacrimal apparatus of the eye. It is a natural response to various stimuli, including emotional states, irritants, and medical conditions.

Physiology

The production of tears is primarily managed by the lacrimal gland, which is located in the upper outer region of the orbit. Tears are composed of a mixture of water, salts, antibodies, and enzymes, which help to lubricate the eye, remove irritants, and provide a protective barrier against infection.

Types of Tears

There are three main types of tears:

• Basal tears: These are continuously produced to keep the cornea lubricated and nourished.
• Reflex tears: These are produced in response to irritants such as wind, smoke, or onions.
• Emotional tears: These are produced in response to emotional states such as sadness, joy, or frustration.

Causes of Tearing

Tearing can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Emotional states: Strong emotions can trigger the production of emotional tears.
• Irritants: Substances like smoke, dust, or chemicals can cause reflex tearing.
• Medical conditions: Conditions such as conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, and allergies can lead to excessive tearing.
• Obstruction: Blockage of the nasolacrimal duct can prevent tears from draining properly, leading to tearing.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of excessive tearing involves a thorough examination of the eye and the lacrimal system. Tests may include:

• Schirmer's test: Measures tear production.
• Fluorescein dye test: Assesses tear drainage.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Artificial tears: To lubricate the eye in cases of dry eye syndrome.
• Antihistamines: For allergic reactions.
• Surgery: To correct structural issues such as nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

See Also

• Lacrimal gland
• Tear film
• Dry eye syndrome
• Conjunctivitis
• Nasolacrimal duct