Acute otitis media
Acute Otitis Media
Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection of the middle ear, which is common in children but can also occur in adults. It is characterized by the rapid onset of ear pain, fever, and irritability. AOM is often associated with upper respiratory infections and can lead to complications if not treated properly.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Acute otitis media occurs when the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, becomes blocked. This blockage can be due to inflammation from an upper respiratory infection, allergies, or other factors. When the Eustachian tube is blocked, fluid accumulates in the middle ear, creating an environment conducive to bacterial or viral growth.
The most common pathogens responsible for AOM include:
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of acute otitis media can vary but typically include:
- Ear pain (otalgia)
- Fever
- Irritability or fussiness in children
- Hearing loss
- Fluid drainage from the ear (otorrhea)
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of AOM is primarily clinical and involves:
- Otoscopic examination: The tympanic membrane may appear bulging, red, and immobile.
- Tympanometry: This test can assess the movement of the tympanic membrane and the presence of fluid in the middle ear.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of acute otitis media may include:
- Analgesics: To relieve pain, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
- Antibiotics: In cases where bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics such as amoxicillin are commonly prescribed.
- Observation: In some cases, especially in older children with mild symptoms, a watchful waiting approach may be taken.
Complications[edit | edit source]
If left untreated, acute otitis media can lead to complications such as:
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures for acute otitis media include:
- Vaccination: Immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) can reduce the incidence of AOM.
- Breastfeeding: Provides antibodies that can help protect against infections.
- Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke: Reduces the risk of upper respiratory infections.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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