Adrenocortical tumor

Adrenocortical tumor is a rare neoplasm that originates from the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal gland. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can produce hormones, leading to various clinical syndromes.

Etiology

The exact cause of adrenocortical tumors is unknown. However, certain genetic syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Carney complex, are associated with an increased risk of developing these tumors.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of adrenocortical tumors depends on whether the tumor is functional (producing hormones) or non-functional (not producing hormones). Functional tumors can lead to Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, or virilization, depending on the type of hormone produced. Non-functional tumors may not cause any symptoms until they grow large enough to press on nearby organs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include measurement of hormone levels in the blood or urine. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help identify the location and size of the tumor.

Treatment

Treatment for adrenocortical tumors depends on the size and location of the tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, and whether it is producing hormones. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with adrenocortical tumors varies widely, depending on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, and the individual's overall health.

See Also

• Adrenal gland
• Adrenal cortex
• Adrenal tumor
• Cushing's syndrome
• Conn's syndrome