Advanced trauma life support care

Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) is a training program for medical professionals in the management of acute trauma cases, developed by the American College of Surgeons. Certain principles of trauma care are taught, with the aim of improving the quality of trauma care and reducing the mortality and morbidity rate of trauma patients.

History

The ATLS program was first developed in the United States in 1978 by the American College of Surgeons. It was initially created in response to a tragic plane crash, in which the founder's family was involved. The program has since been adopted worldwide, with courses now taught in over 60 countries.

Principles

The ATLS program is based on a structured approach to trauma care, known as the "ABCs of trauma". This stands for Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure. Each of these components is assessed in sequence, ensuring that the most life-threatening injuries are identified and managed first.

Airway

The first step in the ATLS approach is to ensure that the patient's airway is open and clear. This may involve the use of endotracheal intubation or a surgical airway in cases where the airway is obstructed.

Breathing

Once the airway is secured, the patient's breathing is assessed. This includes checking for signs of respiratory distress, such as rapid breathing, use of accessory muscles, or abnormal breath sounds. Treatment may involve oxygen therapy, chest tube insertion, or mechanical ventilation.

Circulation

The third step is to assess the patient's circulation. This includes checking the pulse, blood pressure, and skin color. Treatment may involve intravenous fluids, blood transfusion, or medications to support the heart and blood pressure.

Disability

The fourth step is to assess the patient's neurological status, known as the "disability" step. This includes checking the patient's level of consciousness, pupil size and reaction, and motor and sensory function. Treatment may involve sedation, pain management, or neurosurgery.

Exposure

The final step is to fully expose the patient to identify any other injuries. This includes a head-to-toe examination and often involves the use of imaging studies such as X-rays or a CT scan.

Training

The ATLS course is typically taught over two days and includes a combination of lectures, practical workshops, and assessment stations. Participants are required to pass a written and practical exam at the end of the course to become ATLS certified.

See also

• Trauma surgery
• Emergency medicine
• Critical care medicine

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