Alcoholic polyneuropathy

Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder in which multiple peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously. It is defined by nerve damage caused by excessive consumption of alcohol and the poor nutrition that often accompanies heavy drinking.

Causes

The exact cause of alcoholic polyneuropathy remains unknown. It is generally believed to result from combined direct toxicity of alcohol and nutritional deficiencies associated with alcoholism. The most common deficiency is in thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, but deficiencies in other B vitamins, as well as vitamin E, can also contribute to the development of this condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of alcoholic polyneuropathy can vary greatly depending on the specific nerves affected. They may include numbness, tingling, or burning sensations; muscle weakness and atrophy; paralysis; and abnormal or impaired sensation. These symptoms are usually symmetrical and often are most prominent in the legs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of alcoholic polyneuropathy involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, with particular attention to the patient's alcohol consumption and nutritional status. Additional tests may include nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and blood tests to check for nutritional deficiencies.

Treatment

Treatment for alcoholic polyneuropathy primarily involves cessation of alcohol consumption and nutritional supplementation, particularly with thiamine and other B vitamins. Physical therapy may also be beneficial. In severe cases, patients may require assistive devices such as braces or wheelchairs.

Prognosis

The prognosis for alcoholic polyneuropathy is variable. Some patients may experience partial or complete recovery if they stop drinking and improve their nutrition, while others may have permanent nerve damage.

See also

• Alcoholism
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Thiamine deficiency