Alexandria

Plan of Alexandria c 30 BC Otto Puchstein 1890s EN

PhareAlexandrie

Alexandrie et phare

Louis-François Cassas, Alexandrie, nommée par les Arabes, Eskanderyeh

Bombardamento Alessandria 1882

Alexandria is a prominent city located in the northern part of Egypt, along the Mediterranean Sea. Founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, it was once considered the crossroads of the world, known for its lighthouse, the Pharos of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the great Library of Alexandria, which served as a major center of scholarship and learning.

History

The history of Alexandria dates back to its founding by Alexander the Great. It quickly rose to prominence as a major center of the Hellenistic civilization, serving as the capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. Its strategic location and thriving port made it a hub for trade and cultural exchange between Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Library of Alexandria

The Library of Alexandria is perhaps the most famous cultural institution of the ancient city. It was established in the 3rd century BC and was considered the greatest library of the ancient world, housing hundreds of thousands of scrolls of ancient knowledge. Although the library suffered several destructive events throughout history, its legacy as a symbol of knowledge and learning persists.

Pharos of Alexandria

The Pharos of Alexandria was an ancient lighthouse located on the island of Pharos. It was constructed in the 3rd century BC and stood as one of the tallest man-made structures in the world for many centuries. The lighthouse was a marvel of ancient engineering and served as a prototype for all subsequent lighthouses in the world.

Geography

Alexandria is located on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, about 183 kilometers northwest of the capital, Cairo. The city is characterized by its long coastline, making it a popular destination for both tourists and locals. Its Mediterranean climate contributes to its appeal as a year-round destination.

Economy

The economy of Alexandria is diverse, with sectors such as shipping, petrochemicals, and textiles playing significant roles. The city's port is one of the busiest in Egypt, serving as a major center for exports and imports. In recent years, Alexandria has also seen growth in the information technology and tourism sectors.

Culture

Alexandria has a rich cultural heritage, reflecting its history as a melting pot of civilizations. The city is home to various museums, art galleries, and historical sites that celebrate its diverse past. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern-day tribute to the ancient library, serves as a cultural center, hosting a wide range of events, including conferences, concerts, and art exhibitions.

Modern Alexandria

Today, Alexandria is a vibrant city that blends its rich historical past with modernity. It continues to be a significant economic, cultural, and political center in Egypt. The city's architectural landscape is a testament to its diverse history, featuring Greco-Roman monuments, Ottoman-era buildings, and modern structures.