Almaty

Zenkov cathedral

Акимат Алматы на Площади Республики. Июль, 2015 года

Eternal Flame World War II monument. Almaty, Kazakhstan

Opera in Almaty

International conference on Primary Health Care - Conferencia Internacional sobre Atención Primaria de Salud - Almaty -1978

Almaty is the largest city in Kazakhstan, serving as the major commercial and cultural hub of the country. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1997 and remains the country's largest urban center. Almaty is located in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan, at the foot of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains, providing a stunning backdrop to the city. Its name, Almaty, derives from the Kazakh word for 'apple' (alma), and the region is noted for its apple orchards, suggesting that the city could be the ancestral home of the domestic apple.

History

The area around Almaty has been inhabited since the Bronze Age, with various Turkic nomads playing a significant role in the region's history. The city itself was founded in the 1850s as a Russian fortification on the Silk Road. It grew rapidly and was named Verniy. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Almaty underwent significant development, especially during the Soviet era, when it was transformed into a major industrial and cultural center.

In 1997, the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Astana (now known as Nur-Sultan), but Almaty has continued to thrive as the economic and cultural heart of Kazakhstan. It is home to numerous educational, financial, and cultural institutions, including the Kazakh National University, the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, and the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.

Geography

Almaty is situated in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan, near the border with Kyrgyzstan. It is surrounded by the majestic Trans-Ili Alatau mountains, part of the larger Tian Shan mountain range, which significantly influences the city's climate and scenery. The city experiences a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, though the mountains provide a cooling effect during the summer months.

Economy

The economy of Almaty is the largest among Kazakh cities and is diversified across various sectors. It is the financial center of Kazakhstan, hosting the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, numerous banks, and financial institutions. The city also has a strong service sector, with significant contributions from tourism, retail, and telecommunications. Almaty is a key player in the Central Asian region for trade and business, attracting international investments and hosting various economic forums and events.

Culture

Almaty is a cultural hub in Kazakhstan, boasting a vibrant arts scene, numerous museums, theaters, and galleries. The Kazakh State Circus, the Abai Opera House, and the Almaty Central Mosque are notable landmarks. The city hosts various festivals and events throughout the year, including the Almaty International Film Festival and the Jazz Festival. Almaty's cuisine reflects its diverse cultural heritage, offering a mix of traditional Kazakh dishes alongside Russian, Uighur, and other Central Asian cuisines.

Education

The city is a center for education in Kazakhstan, home to many of the country's most prestigious universities and research institutions. The Kazakh National University, named after Al-Farabi, is among the leading higher education institutions in Central Asia. Almaty also hosts numerous international schools and educational programs, contributing to its reputation as an educational hub.

Transport

Almaty is well-connected by various modes of transport. The Almaty International Airport is the largest in Kazakhstan, offering flights to domestic and international destinations. The city has a developed public transport system, including buses, trolleybuses, and a metro system. Additionally, Almaty serves as a significant road and rail junction, linking Kazakhstan to its neighboring countries.

Conclusion

Almaty, with its rich history, vibrant culture, and dynamic economy, remains a pivotal city in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Despite no longer being the capital, it continues to be a symbol of Kazakh identity and progress, embodying the country's aspirations and achievements.