Alphaherpesvirinae

Alphaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of the Herpesviridae family of viruses. This subfamily is characterized by its ability to establish latent infection in sensory ganglia, with the potential for reactivation and recurrence of the disease. Alphaherpesvirinae includes many significant human and animal pathogens, such as Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Varicella-zoster virus, and Pseudorabies virus.

Taxonomy

The Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily is divided into three genera: Simplexvirus, Varicellovirus, and Mardivirus. Each genus contains several species of viruses that infect a range of hosts, including humans, primates, birds, and various mammals.

Structure and Genome

Alphaherpesvirinae viruses are enveloped, with icosahedral capsids. The genome is a linear, double-stranded DNA molecule, typically around 150 kilobases in length. It encodes for 70 to 80 proteins, including glycoproteins, tegument proteins, and DNA polymerase.

Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance

Alphaherpesvirinae viruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 cause cold sores and genital herpes, respectively. Varicella-zoster virus is the causative agent of chickenpox and shingles. Pseudorabies virus, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is a significant pathogen in pigs.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of Alphaherpesvirinae infections primarily involves avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals. Vaccines are available for some viruses, such as the varicella-zoster virus. Treatment typically involves antiviral medications, such as acyclovir and valacyclovir.

See Also

• Herpesviridae
• Herpes simplex virus
• Varicella-zoster virus
• Pseudorabies virus