Amitraz

Amitraz

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  Amitraz molecule ball-and-stick model

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  Amitraz synthesis route 1

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  Amitraz synthesis

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  Amitraz metabolism in animals

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  Amitraz metabolism in plants

Amitraz

Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide that is widely used in veterinary medicine and agriculture. It is primarily used to control ticks, mites, and other ectoparasites on animals and crops. Amitraz is known for its effectiveness against a variety of pests and is commonly used in the form of dips, sprays, and impregnated collars.

Chemical Properties

Amitraz is an amidine compound with the chemical formula C₁₉H₂₃N₃. It is a white to yellowish crystalline solid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as xylene and toluene. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can decompose when exposed to strong acids or bases.

Mechanism of Action

Amitraz acts as an agonist of the octopamine receptors in the nervous system of arthropods. Octopamine is a neurotransmitter that is analogous to norepinephrine in mammals. By stimulating these receptors, amitraz disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system in pests, leading to paralysis and death. This mode of action makes amitraz effective against a wide range of ectoparasites.

Uses in Veterinary Medicine

In veterinary medicine, amitraz is used to treat infestations of Demodex mites, Sarcoptes scabiei, and various species of ticks on dogs, cattle, and other animals. It is often applied as a topical solution or dip. Amitraz is also used in the form of impregnated collars for dogs to provide long-term protection against ticks and fleas.

Uses in Agriculture

Amitraz is employed in agriculture to control pests on crops such as cotton, pears, and citrus fruits. It is effective against mites, whiteflies, and aphids. The compound is typically applied as a foliar spray, and its use is regulated to minimize environmental impact and prevent the development of resistance in pest populations.

Safety and Toxicity

While amitraz is generally safe when used according to label instructions, it can be toxic to humans and animals if ingested or absorbed through the skin. Symptoms of amitraz poisoning include nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, and central nervous system depression. In cases of poisoning, supportive care and symptomatic treatment are recommended.

Environmental Impact

Amitraz is considered to have a low environmental persistence due to its rapid degradation in soil and water. However, it can be toxic to aquatic organisms and should be used with caution near water bodies. Proper disposal and adherence to application guidelines are essential to minimize environmental risks.

Related Pages

• Acaricide
• Insecticide
• Veterinary medicine
• Pesticide