Amorphophallus

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Philippines) 5

Amorphophallus sp. fruit

Dragon stalk yam Amorphophallus commutatus by Dr Raju Kasambe DSCN3919 (1) 04

20211023 Hortus Botanicus - Amorphophallus decus-silvae v1

Bunga Amorphophallus Gigas

Amorphophallus is a large genus of some 200 species in the family Araceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia. The name Amorphophallus is derived from two Greek words, amorphos, meaning "without form, misshapen" and phallos, meaning "penis", referring to the shape of the prominent spadix that emerges from the flower.

The most well-known species within this genus is Amorphophallus titanum, commonly known as the Titan Arum or the "corpse flower", due to its characteristic odor reminiscent of decaying flesh when it blooms. This odor attracts insects such as flies and beetles that pollinate the plant. The Titan Arum is notable for its massive flowering structure, which is among the largest in the plant kingdom, and its infrequent blooming cycle, which can span several years.

Description

Amorphophallus species vary widely in size, from small plants to large specimens like the Titan Arum. They are characterized by a single leaf that emerges from an underground storage organ called a corm. The leaf structure can be highly divided and resembles a small tree. After a period of growth, the leaf dies back, and the plant may enter a dormancy phase before the flower emerges.

The flower structure is composed of a spadix surrounded by a spathe. The spadix is a fleshy axis that bears the flowers, while the spathe is a large, often colorful bract that encloses the spadix. In many species, the spathe unfurls to reveal the spadix, emitting a strong odor to attract pollinators.

Cultivation and Uses

Amorphophallus species are cultivated both for their intriguing flowers and as ornamental plants. They require warm temperatures and high humidity, mimicking their natural tropical habitat. Soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. During their dormant phase, it is important to reduce watering to prevent the corm from rotting.

Beyond their ornamental value, some species of Amorphophallus are grown for their edible corms. Amorphophallus konjac, for example, is used to produce konjac, a gelatinous substance used in Asian cuisine and as a dietary supplement.

Conservation

Several Amorphophallus species are considered endangered due to habitat loss and over-collection. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat preservation and the cultivation of plants in botanical gardens and through ex-situ conservation methods.

In Culture

The unusual appearance and smell of Amorphophallus flowers have made them subjects of fascination and curiosity in the cultures where they are found. The blooming of a Titan Arum is a significant event, often drawing large crowds to botanical gardens.