Anaclitic depression

Anaclitic depression is a term coined by psychoanalyst René Spitz to describe a specific type of depression observed in infants who have been separated from their mothers or primary caregivers. This condition is characterized by a series of symptoms including weight loss, sleep disturbances, and social withdrawal.

History

René Spitz first identified anaclitic depression in the 1940s during his studies of infants in hospital and orphanage settings. He observed that infants who were separated from their mothers for prolonged periods showed signs of severe emotional distress and physical decline, which he attributed to the loss of the mother-infant bond. This was a significant contribution to the field of child psychology and developmental psychology, as it highlighted the importance of early attachment in child development.

Symptoms

The symptoms of anaclitic depression can vary, but they generally include a lack of interest in the environment, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and a general slowing down of motor activity. In severe cases, the infant may show signs of malnutrition and failure to thrive. If left untreated, anaclitic depression can lead to serious health complications and even death.

Causes

The primary cause of anaclitic depression is the disruption of the attachment relationship between the infant and the primary caregiver, usually the mother. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, such as the mother's death, hospitalization, or abandonment of the child. Other factors that can contribute to the development of anaclitic depression include a lack of physical contact and stimulation, and a lack of consistent and responsive caregiving.

Treatment

Treatment for anaclitic depression involves re-establishing the attachment relationship between the infant and the caregiver. This can be achieved through consistent and responsive caregiving, physical contact, and stimulation. In some cases, psychotherapy may be used to help the caregiver understand and respond to the infant's needs.

See also

• Attachment theory
• Separation anxiety disorder
• Reactive attachment disorder