Anatomical snuffbox

Anatomical Snuffbox

The anatomical snuffbox (or radial fossa) is a triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand, formed by the tendons of the extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and abductor pollicis longus muscles. This small but clinically significant area is bordered medially by the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus, laterally by the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, and its floor is formed by the scaphoid and trapezium bones along with the base of the first metacarpal bone.

Anatomy

The anatomical snuffbox is visible when the thumb is extended fully. The skin overlying the snuffbox is thin and tightly adherent to the underlying structures, making this region particularly susceptible to infections and injuries. The radial artery passes through the snuffbox, making it an important landmark for vascular access and pulse palpation. Additionally, the superficial branch of the radial nerve provides sensory innervation to this area.

Clinical Significance

The anatomical snuffbox is of clinical importance due to its contents and the structures that form its boundaries. It is commonly used as a landmark for the palpation of the scaphoid bone, which is the most frequently fractured carpal bone. Pain elicited in the snuffbox upon physical examination can be indicative of a scaphoid fracture, a condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as avascular necrosis.

Furthermore, the radial artery's presence within the snuffbox makes it a site for arterial cannulation and pulse examination. However, due to its proximity to the superficial branch of the radial nerve, care must be taken to avoid nerve injury during medical procedures.

Historical Aspect

The term "anatomical snuffbox" is derived from its use in the past as a site for placing and then inhaling snuff, a powdered tobacco product. This historical use highlights the cultural aspects of anatomy and how anatomical terms can reflect societal practices.

See Also

• Extensor tendons of the hand
• Scaphoid bone
• Radial artery
• Carpal bones