Ancient Greek architecture

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Ancient Greek architecture is a prominent and influential architectural style that developed in Ancient Greece between the 7th century BCE and the 4th century BCE. This architectural style is characterized by its highly formalized characteristics, both of structure and decoration.

Key Features

Ancient Greek architecture is known for its three distinct orders: the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. Each order has its own unique features and proportions.

Doric Order

The Doric order is the oldest and simplest of the three orders. It is characterized by heavy fluted columns with plain, saucer-shaped capitals and no base. The entablature is divided into three parts: the architrave, the frieze (which includes triglyphs and metopes), and the cornice.

Ionic Order

The Ionic order is known for its more slender and elegant columns, which stand on a base and have scroll-like volutes on their capitals. The entablature of the Ionic order is also more elaborate, often featuring a continuous frieze.

Corinthian Order

The Corinthian order is the most ornate of the three orders. Its columns are similar to the Ionic order but are distinguished by their elaborate capitals, which are decorated with acanthus leaves.

Major Structures

Ancient Greek architecture includes a variety of structures, such as temples, theatres, and public buildings.

Temples

Ancient Greek temples are perhaps the most iconic structures of Greek architecture. They were built to honor the gods and goddesses of Greek mythology. Notable examples include the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens, the Temple of Hephaestus, and the Temple of Apollo at Delphi.

Theatres

Ancient Greek theatres were large, open-air structures used for dramatic performances. They were typically built into hillsides to provide natural seating for the audience. Famous examples include the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens and the Theatre of Epidaurus.

Public Buildings

Public buildings such as the Agora (marketplace) and the Stoa (covered walkway) were central to Greek civic life. The Stoa of Attalos in Athens is a well-preserved example of such a structure.

Influence

Ancient Greek architecture has had a profound influence on the architecture of subsequent cultures, particularly the Romans. The use of Greek orders and the emphasis on proportion and harmony can be seen in many later architectural styles, including Neoclassical architecture.

Related Pages

• Ancient Greece
• Greek mythology
• Parthenon
• Acropolis of Athens
• Roman architecture
• Neoclassical architecture