Andorra la Vella

Hypertension
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath
Complications	Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, diet, lifestyle
Risks	Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption
Diagnosis	Blood pressure measurement
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the heart and arteries. Some people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Causes

The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Genetics
• Unhealthy diet, particularly high salt intake
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking

Diagnosis

Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Reducing salt intake
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking

Medications used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

Complications

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Kidney failure
• Vision loss

Prevention

Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.

See Also

• Cardiovascular disease
• Blood pressure
• Heart attack

External Links

• World Health Organization: Hypertension
• CDC: High Blood Pressure
  Andorra la Vella is the capital city of the Principality of Andorra, known for being the highest capital city in Europe, with an elevation of 1,023 meters above sea level. It is located in the east Pyrenees, bordered by Spain and France, making it a popular tourist destination due to its ski resorts and tax-haven status. The city's economy is mainly driven by tourism, retail, and banking. Despite its small size, Andorra la Vella offers a blend of modern life and medieval architecture, with notable landmarks such as the Casa de la Vall and the Church of Saint Stephen.

History

The history of Andorra la Vella can be traced back to before the Christian era, but it gained prominence in the 9th century when Charlemagne is said to have granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting against the Moors. The city became the capital of Andorra in 1278 following the signing of the first paréage, which established co-sovereignty between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of Urgell.

Geography

Andorra la Vella is nestled in the central valley of Andorra, surrounded by mountains, with the Gran Valira river running through it. The city's geography makes it an ideal location for winter sports, hiking, and enjoying the natural beauty of the Pyrenees.

Economy

The economy of Andorra la Vella is predominantly based on tourism, banking, and retail. The city is a shopping haven due to its duty-free status, attracting millions of visitors each year. Additionally, its banking sector is known for its privacy policies, drawing in international business.

Culture

Andorra la Vella has a rich cultural scene, with several annual festivals, museums, and historical sites. The city celebrates its patron saint, Saint Stephen, with a festival every year. The Casa de la Vall, built in the 16th century, serves as a symbol of Andorran heritage and houses the General Council of Andorra.

Government

As the capital city, Andorra la Vella is the political center of Andorra. The city hosts the main governmental institutions, including the General Council, the governing body of the principality. Andorra's unique co-principality status is governed by two co-princes: the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell.

Demographics

Andorra la Vella has a diverse population due to its status as a tourist and business center. While Catalan is the official language, Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also commonly spoken due to the city's multicultural demographic.

Transport

Andorra la Vella is accessible by road from France and Spain, with regular bus services connecting it to major cities in both countries. However, the principality does not have a railway station or airport, making road travel the primary means of access.

See also

• Andorra
• Casa de la Vall
• Tourism in Andorra
• Economy of Andorra