Andromedotoxin

Andromedotoxin is a toxic compound found in certain plants of the Ericaceae family, particularly in the genera Rhododendron and Pieris. This toxin is also known as grayanotoxin and is responsible for the toxic effects observed in animals and humans who ingest these plants.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Andromedotoxin is a type of diterpene compound. It has a complex molecular structure that includes multiple rings and hydroxyl groups. The chemical formula for andromedotoxin is C20H32O5. It is a colorless, crystalline substance that is soluble in organic solvents but not in water.

Sources

Andromedotoxin is primarily found in the leaves, flowers, and nectar of plants in the Ericaceae family. Notable sources include:

• Rhododendron
• Pieris
• Kalmia

Mechanism of Action

Andromedotoxin affects the nervous system by binding to the sodium channels in cell membranes. This binding alters the normal function of these channels, leading to prolonged depolarization of the cells. The result is a disruption in the normal transmission of nerve impulses, which can cause a range of symptoms.

Symptoms of Poisoning

Ingestion of andromedotoxin can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Seizures

Treatment

Treatment for andromedotoxin poisoning is primarily supportive. This may include:

• Activated charcoal to limit absorption
• Intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and blood pressure
• Atropine to counteract bradycardia
• Anticonvulsants for seizures

Prevention

To prevent andromedotoxin poisoning, it is important to avoid ingestion of plants known to contain the toxin. This is particularly relevant for individuals who forage for wild plants or keep these plants in their gardens.

Related Pages

• Ericaceae
• Rhododendron
• Pieris
• Grayanotoxin
• Diterpene
• Nervous system

Categories

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