Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia
Angiofollicular Ganglionic Hyperplasia Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia, also known as Castleman disease, is a rare disorder characterized by non-cancerous growths that may develop in the lymph node tissue throughout the body. This condition can affect individuals of any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in adults.
Classification[edit | edit source]
Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia is classified into two main types based on the number of lymph nodes involved:
- Unicentric Castleman Disease (UCD): Involves a single lymph node or a single region of lymph nodes.
- Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD): Involves multiple lymph node regions and can affect other organs.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia vary depending on the type:
- Enlarged lymph node or mass - Pressure-related symptoms depending on the location of the mass
- Fever - Night sweats - Weight loss - Fatigue - Enlarged liver or spleen - Peripheral neuropathy
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia is not well understood. However, some cases of multicentric Castleman disease are associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection, particularly in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia typically involves:
- Physical Examination: Checking for enlarged lymph nodes.
- Imaging Tests: Such as CT scans or MRI to identify enlarged lymph nodes.
- Biopsy: A sample of the lymph node tissue is examined under a microscope.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment options depend on the type of Castleman disease:
- Surgical removal of the affected lymph node is often curative.
- Medications such as corticosteroids, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy. - Antiviral therapy if associated with HHV-8.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia varies:
- Unicentric Castleman Disease: Generally has an excellent prognosis after surgical removal.
- Multicentric Castleman Disease: Prognosis can be more variable and depends on the response to treatment and the presence of associated conditions such as HIV.
Research and Future Directions[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia and developing targeted therapies. Clinical trials are exploring new treatment options, particularly for multicentric Castleman disease.
See Also[edit | edit source]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
