Ankle bone

Ankle Bone

The ankle bone, also known as the talus or astragalus, is one of the most important bones in the human body. It is a short, compact bone located in the foot and plays a crucial role in the movement and stability of the ankle joint.

Anatomy

The ankle bone is situated between the tibia and fibula (the bones of the lower leg) and the heel bone (calcaneus). It is the second largest of the tarsal bones and is unique because it is the only bone in the body that is completely covered by articular cartilage, which allows for smooth movement within the joint.

The ankle bone is roughly cube-shaped and has six surfaces. The top surface, or dome, articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint. The bottom surface articulates with the heel bone to form the subtalar joint. The four remaining surfaces are covered with fibrous tissue and connect to various ligaments and tendons.

Function

The primary function of the ankle bone is to facilitate movement of the foot. It acts as a hinge, allowing the foot to move up (dorsiflexion) and down (plantarflexion). It also allows for side-to-side movement (inversion and eversion) and rotation.

In addition to movement, the ankle bone also plays a crucial role in weight-bearing. It transfers the weight of the body from the shin to the foot, allowing for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the ankle bone, such as fractures or dislocations, are common and can result in significant disability. Treatment typically involves immobilization and may require surgery in severe cases. Conditions such as arthritis can also affect the ankle bone, leading to pain and limited mobility.