Anterior superior alveolar nerve

Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve

The anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN) is a significant branch of the maxillary nerve, itself a major division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which is the fifth cranial nerve. This nerve is crucial in providing sensory innervation to the upper front teeth, including the canines and incisors, as well as the associated structures such as the periodontium and the anterior maxillary sinus.

Anatomy

The anterior superior alveolar nerve branches off from the infraorbital nerve, which is a continuation of the maxillary nerve, just before the infraorbital nerve enters the infraorbital foramen. After branching, the ASAN descends on the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, giving off several dental branches to the upper teeth and terminal branches that communicate with the middle superior alveolar nerve to form the superior dental plexus.

Function

The primary function of the anterior superior alveolar nerve is sensory. It provides sensation to the anterior part of the maxilla, including the front upper teeth (canines and incisors), their associated gingiva, and part of the maxillary sinus. This nerve plays a critical role in dental procedures and conditions affecting the upper front teeth, where its function or dysfunction can significantly impact dental health and treatment outcomes.

Clinical Significance

1. 1. 1. Dental Anesthesia

In dental procedures involving the upper front teeth, anesthesia of the anterior superior alveolar nerve is often required. Techniques such as the infraorbital nerve block or specific ASAN block can be employed to achieve effective anesthesia in this region.

1. 1. 1. Nerve Injury

Injury to the anterior superior alveolar nerve can occur due to various reasons, including dental surgeries, trauma, or pathology in the maxillary sinus. Symptoms of nerve injury may include numbness, pain, or altered sensation in the innervated areas. Management of nerve injuries depends on the cause and extent of the damage and may involve observation, medication, or surgical intervention.

See Also

• Maxillary nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Dental anesthesia
• Nerve injury