Middle superior alveolar nerve

The middle superior alveolar nerve is a branch of the infraorbital nerve, which itself is a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V2), a division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). This nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the maxillary sinus and the upper premolar teeth.

Anatomy

The middle superior alveolar nerve arises from the infraorbital nerve within the infraorbital canal. It descends within the maxillary sinus, running along the lateral wall of the sinus, and provides sensory branches to the mucous membrane of the sinus. It also supplies the roots of the upper premolar teeth, contributing to the formation of the superior dental plexus.

Function

The primary function of the middle superior alveolar nerve is to provide sensory innervation. It carries sensory information from the maxillary sinus and the upper premolar teeth to the brain. This includes sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch.

Clinical Significance

The middle superior alveolar nerve is of particular interest in dental procedures involving the upper premolars. Anesthesia of this nerve is often required for dental work on these teeth. Additionally, inflammation or infection in the maxillary sinus can affect this nerve, leading to referred pain in the upper teeth.

Variations

In some individuals, the middle superior alveolar nerve may be absent. In such cases, the innervation of the upper premolars is provided by the anterior superior alveolar nerve and the posterior superior alveolar nerve.

Also see

• Infraorbital nerve
• Maxillary nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Dental anesthesia
• Maxillary sinus