Antithyroid drug

Antithyroid drugs are a class of medications used primarily in the treatment of hyperthyroidism - an overactive thyroid gland. These drugs work by reducing the production and release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.

Mechanism of Action

Antithyroid drugs, such as propylthiouracil and methimazole, inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones by catalyzing the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin, and the coupling of these iodotyrosines to form thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Uses

Antithyroid drugs are primarily used in the management of hyperthyroidism, including Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and solitary toxic adenoma. They may also be used preoperatively to prepare patients for thyroidectomy.

Side Effects

Common side effects of antithyroid drugs include skin rash, nausea, and headache. More serious side effects can include hepatitis, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis.

See Also

• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid disease
• Endocrinology