Antitussive

Antitussive refers to a class of medications used to suppress or relieve coughing. These medications are commonly known as cough suppressants. Antitussives are often used in the treatment of coughs associated with the common cold, bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions.

Types of Antitussives

Antitussives can be broadly classified into two categories: opioid and non-opioid antitussives.

Opioid Antitussives

Opioid antitussives are derived from opium and are known for their effectiveness in suppressing cough. Common opioid antitussives include:

• Codeine
• Hydrocodone
• Dextromethorphan

Non-Opioid Antitussives

Non-opioid antitussives are used as alternatives to opioid medications and are generally considered to have fewer side effects. Examples include:

• Benzonatate
• Diphenhydramine
• Levocloperastine

Mechanism of Action

Antitussives work by acting on the cough reflex in the central nervous system. Opioid antitussives, such as codeine, bind to opioid receptors in the brain, reducing the urge to cough. Non-opioid antitussives, like dextromethorphan, act on the sigma receptors in the brain to achieve a similar effect.

Uses

Antitussives are primarily used to treat:

• Acute bronchitis
• Chronic bronchitis
• Common cold
• Influenza
• Pertussis

Side Effects

The side effects of antitussives can vary depending on the type of medication. Common side effects include:

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Constipation (particularly with opioid antitussives)

Precautions

Antitussives should be used with caution in certain populations, including:

• Children
• Pregnant women
• Elderly individuals
• People with a history of substance abuse

See Also

• Expectorant
• Mucolytic
• Cough medicine
• Respiratory system