Aortic valves stenosis of the child
Aortic Valve Stenosis in Children Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) in children is a congenital heart defect characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which impedes blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and onward to the rest of the body. This condition can lead to significant cardiovascular complications if not diagnosed and managed appropriately.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Aortic valve stenosis occurs when the aortic valve leaflets become thickened or fused, restricting the valve's ability to open fully. This results in increased pressure within the left ventricle as it works harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve. Over time, this can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure if left untreated.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The primary cause of aortic valve stenosis in children is congenital malformation of the aortic valve. This can include:
- Bicuspid aortic valve: A condition where the aortic valve has only two leaflets instead of the normal three.
- Unicuspid aortic valve: A rare condition where the valve has only one leaflet.
- Valvular dysplasia: Abnormal development of the valve leaflets.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of aortic valve stenosis in children can vary depending on the severity of the stenosis. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Fainting (syncope)
- Heart murmur
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis typically involves:
- Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart to visualize the valve structure and function.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To assess the electrical activity of the heart and detect any abnormalities.
- Cardiac catheterization: In some cases, to measure the pressure gradient across the aortic valve.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment options for aortic valve stenosis in children depend on the severity of the condition and may include:
- Balloon valvuloplasty: A procedure to widen the valve opening using a balloon catheter.
- Surgical valve repair or replacement: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the aortic valve.
- Medication: To manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for children with aortic valve stenosis varies. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many children can lead normal lives. However, ongoing monitoring and follow-up care are essential to manage the condition effectively.
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Congenital heart defects
- Pediatric cardiology
- Heart valve disease
- American Heart Association. "Aortic Valve Stenosis in Children."
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. "Congenital Heart Defects."
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Aortic valves stenosis of the child is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
