Tubercle (bone)

Tubercle (bone)

A tubercle is a small, rounded prominence found on a bone that forms a site for muscle attachment. Tubercles are a common feature in many bones throughout the human body, including the humerus, ribs, and vertebrae. They play a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system, providing a point of connection for tendons and ligaments.

Structure and Function

Tubercles are typically small and rounded, varying in size and shape depending on the specific bone and its function. They are formed from bone tissue, a type of connective tissue that provides structural support to the body.

Tubercles serve as attachment points for tendons and ligaments, the fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones and bones to each other, respectively. This function is essential for movement and stability in the body. For example, the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle of the humerus bone in the upper arm provide attachment points for several important muscles that move the shoulder joint.

Examples of Tubercles

Greater and Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus

The humerus, or upper arm bone, features two prominent tubercles: the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. These structures are important sites of muscle attachment for the rotator cuff muscles, which are essential for shoulder movement and stability.

Tubercle of the Rib

Each rib features a tubercle, which articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. This joint allows for the movement of the ribs during respiration.

Tubercle of the Vertebra

The vertebrae in the spine also feature tubercles. These structures, known as the transverse and spinous processes, serve as attachment points for the muscles and ligaments that support and move the spine.

Clinical Significance

Tubercles can be involved in various medical conditions. For example, fractures or other injuries to the tubercles can lead to pain and impaired movement. In addition, certain diseases, such as tuberculosis, can cause the formation of tubercle-like structures in the lungs and other tissues.

See Also

• Bone
• Humerus
• Ribs
• Vertebrae
• Musculoskeletal system
• Tendons
• Ligaments