Vertebrae

Vertebrae

The vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (also known as the backbone or spine), a flexible column that extends from the neck to the tailbone. The vertebral column is a crucial part of the skeletal system, providing support for the body and protecting the spinal cord, which is a key part of the nervous system.

Structure

Each vertebra is a complex structure consisting of a body, a vertebral arch, and several processes. The body is the largest part of the vertebra and is the weight-bearing portion. The vertebral arch is formed by two pedicles and two laminae, and encloses the vertebral foramen, which contains the spinal cord. The processes include the spinous process, transverse processes, and articular processes, which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

Function

The vertebrae serve several important functions. They provide structural support for the body, allowing us to stand upright, bend, and twist. They also protect the spinal cord, which is a crucial part of the nervous system. The spaces between the vertebrae, known as intervertebral discs, act as shock absorbers during movement.

Clinical significance

Diseases and conditions that affect the vertebrae can have serious consequences, as they can impact the spinal cord and the nerves that branch off from it. These include osteoporosis, which can lead to fractures; herniated disc, which can cause pain and numbness; and spinal stenosis, which can compress the spinal cord.

See also

• Spinal cord
• Intervertebral discs
• Skeletal system
• Nervous system

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