Aqueous ammonia

Aqueous Ammonia is a solution of ammonia in water, often used in a variety of industries and scientific applications. It is also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia liquor, ammonium water, and aquea ammoniae.

Chemical Properties

Aqueous ammonia is a colorless liquid that has a strong characteristic odor. It is a weak base that reacts with acids to form salts and water, a process known as neutralization. The chemical formula for aqueous ammonia is NH4OH, but it is often written as NH3(aq) to denote that it is ammonia dissolved in water.

Production

Aqueous ammonia is produced by dissolving anhydrous ammonia in water. This process is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The concentration of ammonia in the solution can be varied, leading to different grades of aqueous ammonia.

Uses

Aqueous ammonia has a wide range of uses. It is used in the chemical industry for the production of fertilizers, plastics, explosives, and dyes. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as a reagent. It is also used in water treatment to neutralize acidic waste and in the food industry as a leavening agent.

Safety

Exposure to aqueous ammonia can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. It is classified as a hazardous substance and should be handled with care. Proper personal protective equipment should be worn when handling aqueous ammonia.

Environmental Impact

Aqueous ammonia can have a significant environmental impact. It can contribute to eutrophication, a process that leads to excessive growth of plants and algae in water bodies. This can deplete oxygen levels in the water, harming aquatic life.